LOMBA ESSAY UNTUK MAGANG KE KOREA SELATAN #KEMENTRIAN LUAR NEGERI

HOW INDONESIA CAN BE A WORLD CLASS MARITIME POWER;

 LESSONS FROM SOUTH KOREA

By: Rini Nurhasanah

From : Bandung State Islamic University

Maritime country is a sovereign country, master, able to manage and utilize as well as sustainable and gain prosperity from the sea. Thus, when talking about state then used the term maritime nation because it is associated with adjectives that manage and utilize the ocean to the glory of his country. While marine is associated with a physical sense and properties (physical property) that is related to marine resources and marine functions that are used to achieve a maritime nation.

Geographically Indonesia is a vast archipelago with 2/3 greater ocean than land. This can be seen by the shoreline in almost every island in Indonesia (± 81,000 km) that make Indonesia ranks second after Canada as a country that has the longest coastline in the world. Strength is what is great potential to improve the economy of Indonesia.

Republic of Indonesia or Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia, is located on the equator and is located between the continents of Asia and Australia and between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world and the largest Muslim country in the world, although officially not an Islamic state. Indonesia is a maritime country or the world's largest archipelago, between the islands of one with the other islands are separated by the sea, but it is not a barrier for any ethnic group in Indonesia to interact with the tribes on the other islands. There are three main reasons that underlie Indonesia should be developed maritime countries.

Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world that consists of 17,504 islands, has 95. 181 kilos meter of coastline that make Indonesia as the country with the second longest coastline in the world after Canada, as well as 75% of Indonesia in the form of sea measuring 5.8 million kilos Meter and its population of  241 452 952 inhabitants.

In the LAW OF 1945 Article 33, paragraph 3 states, that the earth and water and natural resources contained therein shall be controlled by the state and used for the welfare of the people. But  there is no doubt also that the natural wealth of the sea, especially in Indonesia is still much controlled by foreign parties, and not a few that are illegal and their own selfish interests.

In this regard, the role of government (government will) needed to be able to keep and maintain and cultivate the richness and potential of Indonesian maritime. To process these marine natural resources, necessary infrastructure improvements, enhancement of human resources, technological modernization and sustainable funding in the state budget revenues and expenditures in order to provide economic benefits to the country and also for the community. As with other theories propounded by Alfred Thayer Mahan about the requirements that must be met in order to build a maritime power, is the position and geography, area, number and character of the population, and the most important is the character of his administration.

In addition to the improvement and special attention is given in the field of technology to manage natural resources in the sea of Indonesia, also required a development of ports and maritime transport to encourage the Indonesian maritime activities become more modern and easy to use by the public. The role of the private sector is also expected to support the course of this sea empowerment, so that these programs not only depend on the fund revenue and expenditure budget alone.

From the defense side, the mastery of the sea means capable of ensuring the use of the sea for the national interests and prevent opponents using marine potentials we have. The government should immediately resolve acceleration sea boundaries in order to provide certainty over state borders and to strengthen bilateral relations between bordering countries, as well as encouraging cooperation between the two neighboring countries in various fields, including in the management of border areas, for example related to shipping, marine and fisheries.

Realizing the extent of sea Indonesia it is time for Indonesia now launched their shift in the orientation and development of land to the naval dimension, so as to create re naval superiority in the era of Indonesia as Mr. Karno.

Indonesian marine sector development has not been optimal role in the economic development of Indonesia because of the discredited policies. This is because until now the government's policy in the field of marine has not emerged as a mainstream policies in the political and economic development of the nation, so that marine development has lagged far behind the development of the mainland. Based on the condition that Indonesia should re-prioritize its development of marine appropriate national identity. Thus to realize the necessary maritime state marine policy (ocean policy) is expected to realize the goal to become maritime nations prosperous. Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources, and therefore while states of Indonesia to maintain our maritime economic wealth that is so rich in geographic regions of Indonesia. So,  the development of infrastructure necessary superstructure defense and maritime security adequate. Thus, the key word here is, to build the strength of Indonesian maritime security and defense. Therefore, the empowerment of Indonesian republic navy absolutely necessary. Some fleets anytime with complete weapons systems, following a number of fighter squadrons which should overshadow the Indonesian air, is very important and should be a top priority in the development of maritime vision of government. Indonesia should develop a doctrine of the sovereignty and policy strategy marine (ocean policy) to demonstrate superiority in Asia, followed by efforts to modernize its military equipment on a scale that is aligned with countries in Asia such as China, Japan, South Korea, India and Iran.

 In addition, the Indonesian maritime stakeholders it is time to identify what challenges they faced, how much the limited budget available, the extent of sea and islands should be guarded sovereignty and security, the potential for border conflicts that can occur at any time, the potential -The potential naval personnel held us, the availability of human resources, as well as military infrastructure available.

Maritime resource potential is quite large and spread throughout Indonesia. From  fisheries, including fisheries, aquaculture, and the processing of US $ 47 billion in year. While the nautical tourism reached US $ 29 billion in year. From  renewable energy amounted to US $ 80 billion in year which is composed of the energy of ocean currents, tides, waves, algae biofuel, ocean thermal. While Bio-pharmaceutical sea of ​​US $ 330 billion in year. With the abundance of marine biodiversity Indonesia, can be used for the industrial development of biotechnology in food, drugs, cosmetics and bioremediation. While the sea transport sector there is a potential US $ 90 billion in year. While oil and gas offshore valued at US $ 68 billion. As many as 70% of oil and gas production comes from the coast, with 40 of the 60 basins have potential offshore oil and gas there, 14 on the coast and only 6 on the mainland. Results seabed minerals reached US $ 256 billion in year, the maritime industry and services reached US $ 72 billion per year and salts reach US $ 28 billion in year.

Ignoring the strategic value of the sea, every year at least 300 billion US dollars for the country's wealth to evaporate through poaching (illegal fishing) by foreign fishing, illegal mining, illegal logging, smuggling of fuel the engine, and various other illegal economic activities. More than 80% of all goods that we export have to go through the port of Singapore. The fare for transporting a container from Jakarta to Surabaya double the cost of shipping from Singapore to Los Angeles. So bad archipelago maritime connectivity, so the logistics costs in Indonesia reached 27% of gross domestic product (GDP), the most expensive in the world. Compare the cost of logistics in Singapore that only 6% of gross domestic product (GDP); Thailand, Vietnam and China, each of which only 7% of gross domestic product (GDP); and Malaysia 8% of gross domestic product (GDP). Poor maritime connectivity also has led to differences in the price of goods is very large. For example, the price of one sack of cement Java Rp 65.000, - while in Papua reached 500,000 rupiah,  price of diesel in the company Cement Java 6500 rupiah one liter, while in the company and the Minagas company and  Rote company reaches 15,000 rupiah one liter.

With the potential for very large marine wealth and geo-economic position is very strategic, making Indonesia as a pivot maritime world is a necessity. Indonesia form a pivot maritime world is Indonesia as a major maritime nation, advanced, just, prosperous, and sovereign as the reference people of the world in terms of the advancement of science and technology, prosperity, justice, and peace among nations in the areas of the oceans.

Indonesian maritime state construction includes not only the economic dimension, but also defense and security, environment, science and technology, cultural and institutional. In essence, the economic dimension includes four groups of policy and program development. The first is the revitalization of sectors of the maritime economy has been running, such as fisheries, aquaculture, mining and energy, marine tourism, marine transportation, industrial and maritime services. Here, Revitalization is an attempt to improve productivity, efficiency, competitiveness, fairness and sustainability of the sectors of the marine economy.

Second, the development of new maritime economic sectors, such as the marine biotechnology industry, industrial water in the sea, renewable energy from the ocean (tidal, wave, biofuels from marine algae, and ocean thermal energy conversion), and non-conventional marine resources more , In this case what is meant by non-conventional marine resources are all natural resources and environmental services located in coastal areas and seas can not be used, because the technology is not yet available for utilization or economically not profitable.

In order for the revitalization and development of maritime economic sectors is successful, then each business unit or business in the sectors of maritime economy must meet the scale economies (economy of scale). In any marine businesses also must implement a supply chain management system in an integrated manner, which integrate subsystems ranging from pre-production, production, post-harvest subsystem (handling and processing) to marketing. Then the supply chain each, we had to use cutting edge technology, and not less important every effort and marine development must be environmentally friendly.
Third, the development of centers of economic growth based on innovative industries and environmentally friendly and coastal areas along the Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes, small islands and border areas to enhance the role of Indonesia as a nation of producers and suppliers and products in the supply chain system global. Thus the rate of urbanization, brain drain, ecological and social burden on the island of Java and Bali will be reduced, and the Indonesian economy will be more productive, competitive and sustainable. Centers of economic growth spread throughout the coastal region Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes (I, II and III), small islands and border areas will be transformed as a belt of prosperity (prosperity belt) who is also a security belt which can strengthen the unity and integrity of the unitary state of Indonesia.

Fourth, the development of marine connectivity (toll sea) consists of the development of a fleet of ships, ports and shipbuilding industry. Regular system liner services should be used in the reinforcement and development of the naval fleet. Each port must be connected to the land area (upstream) through various modes of transportation, whether river, land or air. in every major port must also be built logistics base and modern industrial estates.

To support the development of marine economy of the sort, required specialized banking institution for financing of maritime economic sectors with relatively low interest rates and relatively soft loan requirements as well as the ASEAN countries and other emerging economies. Improved quality and human resource development of marine, either through formal education and non-formal education channels. Activities related to marine research and development should be increased, so that Indonesia be able to master the nation, generating and applying technology in the pursuit of life and development. Thus, all products and marine services generated will have a value-added and high competitiveness in a sustainable manner.

Indonesia must make a paradigm shift of national development, from land-based development into ocean-based development. By doing so, the whole public policy, infrastructure, and financial resources in an integrated manner geared to support marine development. This does not mean we forget about the construction on the land. We just need to integrate socio-economic development on land and at sea. Through the reorientation of development of base land to sea, then the port, sea transportations will be more efficient. So it will make a product from mainland economy (agriculture, plantation, forestry, animal husbandry, mining, and manufacturing) will be more competitive, because the logistics costs will be cheaper and faster movement of goods would be.